Ammar chalak biography definition

Abstract

Background

Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the world. Lebanon has an exceptionally high tobacco use burden. The World Health Organization endorses smoking cessation advice integrated into primary care settings as well as easily accessible and free phone-based counseling and low-cost pharmacotherapy as standard of practice for population-level tobacco dependence treatment. Although these interventions can increase access to tobacco treatment and are highly cost-effective compared with other interventions, their evidence base comes primarily from high-income countries, and they have rarely been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries. Recommended interventions are not integrated as a routine part of primary care in Lebanon, as in other low-resource settings. Addressing this evidence-to-practice gap requires research on multi-level interventions and contextual factors for implementing integrated, scalable, and sustainable cessation treatment within low-resource settings.

Methods

The objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of promising multi-component interventions for implementing evidence-based tobacco treatment in primary healthcare centers within the Lebanese National Primary

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List of Asiatic films

YearTitleTitle unimportant Arabic & FrenchDirectorCastWriterGenreReleaseProductionLength 2010The Break off of a DreamArabic: نهاية حلمCharles ChlalaFady Tabet
Ward Leftover Khal
Nahla DaoudDrama, ReligionJanuary 2010Dirty MirrorMirna MounayarKfarmatta, Forbidden VillageFrench: Kfarmatta, town interditMirna MounayarDocumentaryBeirut KamikazeChristophe KarabacheChristophe KarabacheExperimental
DocumentaryNovember 2011Film of recognize the value of and farewellsCorine ShawiDocumentaryKamis in short supply SoufElie EliasRola Hamada, Gil Chalhoub, Cipher Abou FarhatDrama
TVEvolution8 SARL manufacture (Lebanon)^[32]The Recognizable NorthCarlos ChahineCamille Figuéréo
Rami Kadeih
Fadi Abi SamraShort film (25min)May 25Carlos ChahineProducers: Paul Saadoun
Prophet Chauvin Tripoli QuietRania Attieh
Magistrate GarciaMay 25Tomorrow 6:30Gilles TaraziMay 25A Sheherazade TaleRami KodeihMay 25WednesdayTalal KhouryMay 25Saint DoumitAugustTele LumiereLebanese Album Festival 2010AugustAl Tariq Shelter Masdoud (Closed Road)August 5Beyt ByoutSana AtrisDocumentaryCinema Days Duplicate Beirut (Festival)September12 Angry

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Abstract

Introduction

Lebanon is a middle-income country facing substantial fragility features. Its health profile shows a high burden of NCD morbidity and mortality. This paper intends to analyse the political economy of NCD prevention and control in Lebanon.

Methods

This study adopted a literature-based case study research design using a problem-driven political economy analysis framework. A total of 94 peer-reviewed articles and documents from the grey literature published before June 2019 were retrieved and analysed.

Results

Lebanon’s political instability and fragile governance negatively affect its capacity to adapt a Health-in-All-Policies approach to NCD prevention and enable the blocking of NCD prevention policies by opposed stakeholders. Recent economic crises limit the fiscal capacity to address health financing issues and resulting health inequities. NCD care provision is twisted by powerful stakeholders towards a hospital-centred model with a powerful private sector. Stakeholders like the MOPH, UN agencies, and NGOs have been pushing towards changing the existing care model towards a primary care model. An incremental reform has been adopted to strengthen a network of primary care centres, support them with health technologies and improve the quality of prim